《Journal of Agrarian Change》第22卷第2期目录及摘要

全文链接：

https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/toc/14710366/2022/22/2

ORIGINAL ARTICLES

Capitalist trajectories in agrarian mountain societies of east and south-east Arunachal, India

Barbara Harriss-White, Deepak K. Mishra, Vandana Upadhyay

“Ploughing the land five times”: Opium and agrarian change in the ceasefire landscapes of south-western Shan State, Myanmar

Patrick Meehan

Labour, mechanization, market integration, and government policy: Agrarian change and lowland rice cultivation in northeastern Thailand and southern Laos

Ian G. Baird, Kanokwan Manorom, Santi Piyadeth, Sirasak Gaja-Svasti, Chanthavisouk Ninchaluene

Tilling another's land: Migrant farming under rural industrialization and urbanization in China

Karita Kan, Xi Chen

Soybean production in Paraguay: Agribusiness, economic change and agrarian transformations

Valdemar João Wesz Junior

Capital concentration in and through class differentiation: A case study from Pampean agribusiness

Christin Bernhold, Tomás Palmisano

Community-based tourism, peasant agriculture and resilience in the face of COVID-19 in Peru

Jordi Gascón, Kevin S. Mamani

Land reform and peacebuilding in Côte d'Ivoire: Navigating the minefield

Matthew I. Mitchell

Class formation and capital accumulation in the countryside: Artisanal and small-scale gold mining in South Kivu, DR Congo

Ben Radley

Litigating for legality: Nature conservation, commercial fisheries and disputed territoriality in Ukraine's Danube Delta

Tanya Richardson

BOOK REVIEWS

Disrupting deportability: Transnational workers organize, by Leah F. Vosko. London and New York: Cornell University Press. 2019. pp. ix + 173. $26.95 (pb). ISBN 978-1-5017-4214-9

Lincoln Addison

https://doi.org/10.1111/joac.12404

Hungry Nation: Food, famine and the making of modern India by Benjamin Robert Siegel. New Delhi: Cambridge University Press. 2018. pp. 290. $26.99 (paperback). ISBN: 9781108441964

Nandini Nayak

https://doi.org/10.1111/joac.12408

Survival in the “dumping grounds”: A social history of apartheid relocation by Laura Evans. Leiden, Boston: Brill. 2019. pp. xii + 302. €75.00/$91.00 (eBook). ISBN 978-90-04-39889-4

Emily Bridger

https://doi.org/10.1111/joac.12411

Peace and rural development in Colombia: The window for distributive change in negotiated transitions, by Andrés García Trujillo. New York, NY: Routledge, 2020. Pp. xviii + 314. £120 (hb); £33.29 (ebk). ISBN 9780367424084 (hb) and 978-0-367-82397-9 (ebk)

Alexandra Bate

https://doi.org/10.1111/joac.12419

Capitalist trajectories in agrarian mountain societies of east and south-east Arunachal, India

Barbara Harriss-White    Deepak K. Mishra    Vandana Upadhyay

Abstract：While the mountainous frontier regions of Arunachal have generated a literature celebrating their exceptional social diversity, less is known about Arunachal's rural political economy. Following village fieldwork in 2007 in northern districts, research in 2015 in East and South-east Arunachal enables two aspects of agrarian transformation to be explored. First a comparison of the institutional transformation of land-based resources between regions and over time. Second the identification of co-existing accumulation trajectories: the forms taken by rural accumulation when the engines of capital accumulation are non-agrarian transfers of state capital into the state and commercial capital originating outside the state, which exports profits. Since non-Arunachali people are not allowed to own property in Arunachal, local accumulation is dominated by a socially-segmented, multi-tribal, rentier class, interlaced with Indian and global capital through extractions from state resources and extractive commodity exchange. The state's three roles: security, developmental and welfare, support these ethnicised accumulation trajectories.

“Ploughing the land five times”: Opium and agrarian change in the ceasefire landscapes of south-western Shan State, Myanmar

Patrick Meehan

Abstract：This paper explores the relationship between the illicit opium economy and processes of agrarian change in south-western Shan State, Myanmar. This is a region where opium production has risen significantly since the 1990s despite the declining territorial control of insurgent groups long blamed for the country's illegal drug economy and alongside the deepening integration of the region's agriculture sector into national and global markets. This paper reveals how illicit opium cultivation has offered distressed smallholders a way to mitigate the worsening livelihood insecurities that have accompanied the commercialization of smallholder agriculture. Yet at the same time, opium cultivation has locked farmers into a set of highly unequal social relations that has enabled militias, businesspeople with ties to local (armed) authorities, moneylenders, and agricultural brokers to accumulate capital through their control over rural markets and credit systems while leaving poppy cultivators with little more than the means to reproduce their livelihoods. This paper thus shows how opium cultivation has enabled farmers to respond to worsening precarity by sustaining smallholder farming despite the worsening “reproduction squeeze” facing many households, although the opium economy has simultaneously played an instrumental role in reinforcing and deepening agrarian class relations.

Labour, mechanization, market integration, and government policy: Agrarian change and lowland rice cultivation in northeastern Thailand and southern Laos

Ian G. Baird    Kanokwan Manorom    Santi Piyadeth    Sirasak Gaja-Svasti    Chanthavisouk Ninchaluene

Abstract：Over the last two decades, significant changes in lowland rice cultivation practices have occurred in mainland Southeast Asia. Here, we compare lowland rice farming in six provinces in northeastern Thailand and four districts in Savannakhet Province in southern Laos and consider the ways that agrarian change, including the deepening of capitalist relations, is occurring. Some of the most important changes taking place relate to increasing mechanization, remittances, changing bases of labour's simple reproduction, and the increased importance of international markets, especially for organic rice. These changes and associated government policies are having a considerable influence on agricultural practices. The Chinese market for organic rice from Laos is reducing pesticide and herbicides use and prolonging hand-transplanting of paddy, while encouraging farmers to use uniform sized high-yielding rice varieties, and abandoning local seeds. Rice exports from Laos are having both positive and negative environmental effects, indicating the nuanced influences of particular international markets and government policies.

Tilling another's land: Migrant farming under rural industrialization and urbanization in China

Karita Kan    Xi Chen

Abstract：Studies of labour migration in China usually focus on rural residents seeking wage employment in the urban industrial or service sector. This article provides an account of migrant farmers who have moved from the impoverished countryside to peri-urban villages in more developed areas to engage in substitute agricultural production. They took over fields abandoned by local villagers and lived and worked among them as tenants. This article situates the analysis of migrant farming within the changing regimes of rural accumulation in post-socialist China. It shows how migrant farming subsidized rural industrialization by providing low-cost substitute labour, which facilitated the incorporation of local villagers into the industrial workforce as semi-proletarianized workers. Into the 2000s, the transition towards land-based accumulation incorporated local villagers into proprietorship while dispossessing migrant farmers. The amplification of inequalities reveals how the shifting regimes of accumulation constitute an important source of differentiation in Chinese villages today.

Soybean production in Paraguay: Agribusiness, economic change and agrarian transformations

Valdemar João Wesz Junior

Abstract：Contemporary corporate-led agricultural commodity production has seen profound transformations in rural spaces. This article focuses on soybean production in Paraguay, analysing corporate activity in the productive, commercial and economic dynamics of the soybean market and identifies the impacts of this monoculture on small farmers. Drawing on mixed methods, the research points to high levels of concentration of this market in the hands of a few transnational companies, which control the value chain via contractual relations with farmers. Through a complex set of relations, soybean production has seen smallholder farmers fall into debt and become unable to maintain their activity and migrate to new regions, leasing their land and, in the worst cases, lose both their land and status as farmers.

Capital concentration in and through class differentiation: A case study from Pampean agribusiness

Christin Bernhold    Tomás Palmisano

Abstract：The National Agricultural Census (NAC) held in Argentina in 2018 shows that the concentration and centralization of agrarian capital in this country's heartland of grain and oilseed production is an ongoing process. An extensive academic literature has attributed this trend to the dynamics of capitalist development in agriculture in general and to Argentina's political economy in particular. Tying into these discussions and based on a case study, this paper argues that an analysis of how the growth of large corporations works in and through class differentiation helps to further explain the dynamics of concentration and centralization. This includes (i) examining the strategies of big companies to diversify capital functions across various value chain links and (ii) elucidating how they have established particular relations to smaller capitals, intermediate classes, and workers, as well as the related patterns of exploitation and appropriation of surplus value.

Community-based tourism, peasant agriculture and resilience in the face of COVID-19 in Peru

Jordi Gascón    Kevin S. Mamani

Abstract：In the Andes, the diversification of economic activities among the peasant population is common practice. However, it is not a uniform strategy: as new employment and economic possibilities have emerged, the disparity of pluriactive strategies has multiplied. Based on a particular case study (Amantaní Island, Lake Titicaca), where community-based tourism has developed strongly, we will compare the resilience of these strategies. The COVID-19 pandemic, which paralysed economic activities, highlighted that the least vulnerable pluriactive strategies were those that included subsistence agriculture. In fact, this is something that the peasant population itself perceives: although the role of this type of agriculture in the family economy is decreasing, most households still invest time and capital to increase their family's agricultural resources.

Land reform and peacebuilding in Côte d'Ivoire: Navigating the minefield

Matthew I. Mitchell

Abstract：This article explores the complex links between land reform and peacebuilding through a case study of Côte d'Ivoire. The country provides fertile ground for analysis given its torturous history of land conflict and civil war, its enduring debates surrounding land reform, and its ongoing efforts to consolidate peace. The article argues that while the failure to address the agrarian dimensions of the country's longstanding conflict undermines long-term prospects of bridging deep political and societal divides, aggressive attempts to tackle the land question at the outset of the peacebuilding process may have threatened the fragile peace of the post-conflict period. The analysis thus highlights the political risks involved in undertaking land reform during periods of precarious peacebuilding. In so doing, the article draws upon insights from over 70 interviews with local stakeholders and document analysis of key primary documents from the Ivorian government, the United Nations Security Council, and the World Bank.

Class formation and capital accumulation in the countryside: Artisanal and small-scale gold mining in South Kivu, DR Congo

Ben Radley

Abstract：To date, the expansive social science literature on artisanal and small-scale mining (ASM) in Africa has received little attention from scholars of agrarian political economy. This paper attempts to bridge this gap, based on an in-depth study of ASM in South Kivu Province of the Democratic Republic of the Congo. The main argument is that the capital–labour social relation underpinning ASM in South Kivu has facilitated the emergence of a capitalist managerial class of dynamic and prosperous rural Congolese. This class has, in turn, been driving increasing sectoral productivity via technological assimilation and capital formation, while also making commercial and productive investments in other, non-mining sectors. Drawing from the findings, the common conceptualisation of African ASM as a low productivity, subsistence activity is questioned, and the perception in the existing literature that African ASM miners and foreign mining corporations are not in competition for the same mineral deposits is challenged.

Litigating for legality: Nature conservation, commercial fisheries and disputed territoriality in Ukraine's Danube Delta

Tanya Richardson

Abstract：Between 2014 and 2016, Ukraine's Danube Biosphere Reserve (DBR) administrators devoted extensive time to lawsuits in which they defended the legality of commercial fisheries in reserve territory. Two cases are discussed in order to examine what impact litigation had and why administrators pursued litigation when dominant accounts of law in Ukraine suggest that avoiding the courts might be a more likely response. It analyzes court documents and interviews gathered during anthropological research about nature conservation in the Danube Delta by combining insights from political ecology, agrarian studies, and socio-legal scholarship on Ukraine. Even though administrators lost their cases and had to rezone the reserve, engaging in litigation helped them defend fishing commons against further enclosure by environmentalists, state officials, and business people, and to minimize predatory behavior that could exclude delta residents. This demonstrates litigation's important but often overlooked role in challenging the outcomes of natural resource-related internal state territorialization.

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编辑：代安澜

审核：龙文进